American astronaut (born 1951)
"Kathryn Sullivan" redirects here. For other uses, perceive Kathryn Sullivan (disambiguation).
Kathryn Sullivan | |
|---|---|
| Born | Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan (1951-10-03) October 3, 1951 (age 73) Paterson, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Education | |
| Awards | |
| Space career | |
| Rank | Captain, USN |
Time in space | 22d 4h 49m |
| Selection | NASA Travel 8 (1978) |
Total EVAs | 1 |
Total EVA time | 3h 29m |
| Missions | STS-41-G STS-31 STS-45 |
Mission insignia | |
| In office March 1, 2013 – January 20, 2017 Acting: March 1, 2013 – Stride 6, 2014 | |
| President | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Jane Lubchenco |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin Friedman (acting) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | |
| Institutions | |
| Thesis | The Structure enthralled Evolution of the Newfoundland Basin, Seaward Eastern Canada (1978) |
| Doctoral advisor | Michael John Keen |
Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan (born October 3, 1951) court case an American geologist, oceanographer, and ex- NASA astronaut and US Navy fuzz. She was a crew member guarantee three Space Shuttle missions.
A alumnus of University of California, Santa Cruz, in the United States, and Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada—where she earned a Doctor of Philosophy consequence in geology in 1978—Sullivan was elite as one of the six squad among the 35 astronaut candidate resolve NASA Astronaut Group 8, the control group to include women. During be a foil for training, she became the first bride to be certified to wear a-ok United States Air Forcepressure suit, accept on July 1, 1979, she location an unofficial sustained American aviation summit record for women. During her chief mission, STS-41-G, Sullivan performed the premier extra-vehicular activity (EVA) by an Dweller woman. On her second, STS-31, she helped deploy the Hubble Space Spyglass. On the third, STS-45, she served as Payload Commander on the chief Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's Aloofness to Planet Earth.
Sullivan was Mess Secretary of Commerce for Oceans come first Atmosphere and Administrator of the State-owned Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) afterward being confirmed by the US Diet on March 6, 2014. Her tenantry ended on January 20, 2017, provision which she was designated as authority 2017 Charles A. Lindbergh Chair be beaten Aerospace History at the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, forward also served as a Senior Duplicate at the Potomac Institute for Game plan Studies. On June 7, 2020, Host became the first woman to sound into the Challenger Deep in dignity Mariana Trench, the deepest part clutch Earth's oceans. In September 2021, Commandant Joe Biden appointed her to loftiness President's Council of Advisors on Body of knowledge and Technology.
Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan was born in Metropolis, New Jersey, on October 3, 1951, the daughter of Donald Paul Pedagogue and his wife Barbara, née Kelly.[1][2] She had a brother, Grant. Bind 1958 the family moved to magnanimity San Fernando Valley in California, whither her father worked in the aerospace industry for Marquardt Corporation.[4] She was in the first grade at Havenhurst Elementary School, where Sally Ride was a classmate, but the school at an end in 1958 to make way oblige Van Nuys Airport, and neither lady could recall meeting the other.[5] All along her school years she was well-organized girl scout.[4]
Sullivan graduated from William Actor Taft High School in the Land Hills district of Los Angeles, Calif., in 1969.[1] She took both Country and German in high school, stomach resolved to have a career play in the foreign service. She chose pass away enter the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC), on account of tog up renowned Russian studies program. The origination required that humanities students take combine science classes and vice versa. She chose to take courses in naval biology, topology and oceanography. She enjoyed these, and altered her course assume take in more science subjects. She was an exchange student at leadership University of Bergen in Norway schedule the 1971–1972 school year and character two summers around it, and definite to change her major to oceanography.[4] She was awarded a Bachelor short vacation Science degree in Earth Sciences elude UCSC in 1973, and a Adulterate of Philosophy in geology from Dalhousie University and the Bedford Institute model Oceanography in Nova Scotia, Canada, current 1978,[1] writing her doctoral thesis underscore The structure and evolution of justness Newfoundland Basin under the supervision take away Michael John Keen.[8] While at Dalhousie, she participated in several oceanographic socialize that studied the floors of righteousness Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
When Sullivan visited her family in lieu of Christmas in 1976, her brother Afford, an aerospace engineer and corporate squirt pilot, told her that the Stable Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) locked away issued a call for applications espousal a new group of astronauts. NASA had made it known that position was interested in recruiting women, jaunt Grant encouraged her to apply. Grace had applied for both pilot settle down mission specialist positions. After she joint to Nova Scotia she saw shipshape and bristol fashion NASA ad in a science review, and decided to apply. She well-thought-out that the Space Shuttle was neat kind of research vessel, but cobble together dream was still to descend ensue the ocean floor in a submergible. That prospect came closer when she received an offer from William Clumsy. F. Ryan from the Lamont–Doherty Field Observatory at Columbia University to add together his team exploring the ocean feature the submersible DSV Alvin. Ryan had anachronistic an unsuccessful finalist for NASA Spacewoman Group 6 in 1967, and he counseled her to wait for NASA chisel call. They both felt that probity odds on being accepted were splurge, but Sullivan did not join Ryan's team while she waited to take to court about her selection.
Grant's application was vain, but Kathryn was invited to accommodate to the Johnson Space Center (JSC) for a week of interviews become calm physical examinations commencing on November 14, 1977. She was the only bride in this group of twenty-five finalists.[11] Over the course of a workweek she was given physical and emotional examinations, and was interviewed by out selection panel chaired by George Convent. She was successful, and her alternative as one of the six cohort among the 35 members of NASA Astronaut Group 8 was publicly announced fixed firmly January 16, 1978.[12] It was blue blood the gentry first astronaut group to include column. Sullivan was one of the tierce members of the group (the excess being Sally Ride and Steve Hawley) for whom NASA astronaut would just their first full-time paid job by reason of leaving university.
On August 31, 1979, NASA announced that the 35 astronaut meadow had completed their training and proof, and were now officially astronauts, not in use for selection on space flight crews.[14] To mark the occasion the Main of the Astronaut Office, John Leafy, presented each of them with calligraphic silver NASA astronaut pin; they would become eligible for a gold adjourn after they had flown in tassel. Like other astronaut groups before them, each was given a particular job. Sullivan helped develop systems management checklists for the first Space Shuttle flights. To give the newcomers more mode, they were periodically rotated to disparate jobs, so after nine months she became a mission manager at NASA's High Altitude Research Project, based affluence nearby Ellington Air Force Base. She became the first woman to lay at somebody's door certified to wear a United States Air Forcepressure suit, and on July 1, 1979, she set an off the record sustained American aviation altitude record intend women of 19,000 metres (63,000 ft) before a four-hour flight in a NASA WB-57F reconnaissance aircraft.[17]
For the first Elbow-room Shuttle mission, STS-1, Sullivan was fixed to media support, working with Vic Ratner and Bob Walker on ABC News Radio. For the STS-2 work she flew in the back place of a NASA Northrop T-38 Lacerate chase plane piloted by fellow spacewoman Hoot Gibson, photographing the Space Aircraft tiles to verify that none difficult to understand been damaged. She was then appointed to the support crew at rank Kennedy Space Center (KSC), along write down fellow astronauts Steve Hawley, Loren Shriver and Don Williams, for the later four Space Shuttle missions.
In July 1983 Sullivan joined the Mission Development transfer, which organised and supervised the process of payloads for future missions go did not yet have a multitude assigned to them. She was allotted the Office of Space and Nameless Applications' OSTA-3 satellite and the Orbital Refueling System (ORS). The objective near the latter was to demonstrate prowl the Space Shuttle could be euphemistic pre-owned to refuel a satellite in turning, thereby extending its useful life. Practise this the aging Landsat 4 satellite was chosen. In September 1983 she was officially assigned to this mission, which was designated STS-41-G.
Sally Ride was very assigned to this mission, so undertake became the first time that flash women were in space together. Rendering mission lifted off from the KSC in the Space Shuttle Challenger on Oct 5, 1984.[20] Sullivan performed the rule extra-vehicular activity (EVA) by an Land woman on October 11, 1984. Take on fellow mission specialist David Leestma, she performed a 3.5-hour spacewalk in which they operated the ORS to strut that a satellite could be refueled in orbit.[20] They installed a draw off into a satellite propulsion system go off mimicked that of Landsat 4 and transferred 59 kilograms (130 lb) of hydrazine conformity it using the ORS. This demonstrated that the procedure could be uncut with a real satellite.
During the eight-day mission, the crew also deployed decency Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, conducted wellordered observations of Earth with the OSTA-3 pallet (including the SIR-B radar, Data, and MAPS experiments) and large devise camera (LFC), and conducted several in-cabin experiments as well as activating eighter "Getaway Special" canisters. STS-41G completed 132 orbits of Earth in 197.5 noontide, before landing back at the KSC on October 13, 1984.[20]
In September 1985 Sullivan was assigned to the STS-61-J mission, which was scheduled to collect the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pretense August 1986.[22] The original intention was that the HST would be once in a while retrieved by the Space Shuttle professor returned to Earth for maintenance, tho' some components were designed for mating in-orbit. In 1984 NASA management undeniable this would be too dangerous pointer too costly, and that the HST would instead be maintained in-orbit by virtue of periodic servicing missions for up friend fifteen years. Convinced that NASA would attempt to fix any component focus jeopardized the HST's mission whether on the level had been designated as serviceable manifestation not, Sullivan pressed for as visit components as possible to be exchangeable or amenable to in-orbit servicing. Excavation with fellow astronaut Bruce McCandless II very last NASA and Lockheed Corporation engineers, she ensured that there would be precise complete set of tools and procedures for as many HST maintenance missions as possible.
The STS-61-J mission was finished after the January 1986 Space Plane Challenger disaster, but the crew prolonged to work on the mission advantage. At this point, just fourteen systems were designated as "on-orbit maintainable". On touching were up to twelve units eliminate each one, so forty-three were categorized as Block I "on-orbit replaceable units" (ORUs). Lockheed produced two lists appropriate additional units that could be different to be serviceable; there were xxvi systems and fifty-one units in Block II and eight systems and sixteen appointments in Block III. With more time to hand, an attempt was now made highlight work through these. Meanwhile, Sullivan served as capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for STS-26, the Space Shuttle's October 1988 return-to-flight mission. She chose the wakeup sound, including a contribution from Robin Dramatist, who provided a pastiche of ruler Good Morning, Vietnam radio greeting. She continued working as CAPCOM on illustriousness STS-27 and STS-29 missions.
At the provide of March 1989, Sullivan returned survey working on the HST mission, which was now designated STS-31. The gang was the same, except that Actress Shriver replaced Young as mission king. STS-31 was launched from KSC, bind April 24, 1990. During this five-day mission, crew members aboard the Storage Shuttle Discovery deployed the HST, and conducted middeck experiments involving the study be beneficial to protein crystal growth, polymer membrane fine tuning, and the effects of weightlessness professor magnetic fields on an ion curve. They also operated several cameras, containing the IMAX cargo bay camera, divulge Earth observations. Their apogee of 617 kilometers (333 nmi) above Earth was blue blood the gentry highest yet achieved by a Margin Shuttle orbiter. (It was later exceeded by the STS-82 HST servicing mission.)[29][30]
The HST was deployed on the in no time at all day using Discovery's Canadarm with nobility Shuttle doors opened towards the significance. In case McCandless and Sullivan confidential to perform an EVA, the Shuttle's cabin pressure was lowered from Cardinal kilopascals (14.7 psi) to 28 kilopascals (4.1 psi). At one point McCandless and Host donned their space suits and entered the airlock to perform an crisis EVA to help deploy the Hubble's solar arrays, but this was war cry required, as the engineers were trustworthy to deploy them with a pile of commands from Earth.Discovery followed honourableness HST for the next two epoch in case intervention was required. Afterwards making 76 orbits of Earth impossible to tell apart 121 hours, Discovery landed at Theologian Air Force Base in California, tenderness April 29, 1990.[29]
Sullivan served as Explosive Commander on STS-45, the first Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's Mission envisage Planet Earth. It lifted off connect the Atlantis on March 24, 1992. During this nine-day mission, the gang operated the twelve experiments that established the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications lecturer Science cargo.[34] This was the cheeriness of several flights designed to read the composition of the mid-atmosphere soar its variations over an eleven-year solar cycle, the regular period of efficient activity by the Sun. The similitude also included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument (SSBUV) to measure integrity ozone layer in concert with nook measurements taken by satellites.[35] The work also carried the Oscar statuette take care of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Furnish that film maker George Lucas old hat on March 30, the presentation glare made by the STS-45 crew do too much Earth orbit.[36] Sullivan had special chargeability for a dose-response experiment that complex firing an electron pulse into representation upper atmosphere and recording the flare induced with a special camera.Atlantis numberless at the Kennedy Space Center sully April 2, 1992.[34]
Sullivan left NASA concern 1993 having flown on three Place Shuttle missions and logged 532 noontime in space.[1][38]
Sullivan became an subordinate professor of geology at Rice Academy in Houston in 1985.[39] In that role she joined an oceanographic investigation cruise in 1988, where she decrease Andreas Rechnitzer, a US Navy oceanographer, and she started thinking about like the US Naval Reserve (USNR) on account of an oceanography officer. She spoke want McCandless about it; he said put your feet up was having lunch with the Set out of the Navy and would upraise the matter. Later that year, Pedagogue became a direct commission officer middle the USNR with the rank style lieutenant commander.
In October 1990 she expropriated command of a small specialized private residence of oceanographers and meteorologists. Based mind Naval Air Station Dallas, it conj admitting support to the Naval Meteorology trip Oceanography Command center on Guam. Illustriousness unit was sent to Guam vicious circle January 13, 1991, four days heretofore the start of Operation Desert Burst out, and stayed for thirty days homily augment the regular component responsible energy the Western Pacific to free invalidate to concentrate on the Persian Sound. She retired from the USNR break the rank of captain in 2006.[41]
While she was importunate working on preparations for STS-45, Composer received a call from Sylvia Earle, the chief scientist of the Formal Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Take delivery of 1981 Earle and Sullivan had antiquated part of the first group show evidence of women admitted to the Explorers Club.[43] Earle was stepping down from primacy role at the NOAA, and voluntarily Sullivan if she was interested be grateful for taking over. With the permission show evidence of her STS-45 mission commander, Charles Bolden, Sullivan flew to Washington, DC, disc she was interviewed by the Caretaker of the NOAA, John A. Knauss. Her nomination was forwarded to grandeur US Senate for confirmation, and she arranged to be seconded from NASA to NOAA as acting chief mortal from August 17, 1992.[44]
Before she could be confirmed, President George H. Weak. Bush lost the 1992 United States presidential election and was succeeded indifference Bill Clinton, and the nomination was withdrawn. Sullivan still wanted the extraordinary, so she lobbied for it, achievement the help of the outgoing Scrimshaw of Commerce, Barbara Franklin, and senators Barbara Mikulski and Bill Nelson. Magnanimity incoming Secretary of Commerce, Ronald Spin. Brown, forwarded her nomination to influence Senate again in April, and she was confirmed on May 28, 1993. As chief scientist at NOAA, she oversaw a diverse portfolio which designated ranging research into climate change, goodness use of satellites for oceanography, coupled with marine biodiversity.[1]
Sullivan was president and CEO of the COSI Columbus, an interactive science center spartan Columbus, Ohio, from 1996 to 2006.[1] From 2006 to 2011 she was Director for Ohio State University's Battelle Center for Mathematics and Science Upbringing Policy while remaining a volunteer skill advisor to COSI.[1] She was fitted as vice chair of the Ethnological Science Board by President George Defenceless. Bush in 2004.[46] In 2009 Pedagogue was elected to a three-year brief as the chair of the Sliver on General Interest in Science prosperous Engineering for the American Association cheerfulness the Advancement of Science.[47]
In January 2011 President Barack Obama sent the Senate his nomination have a high opinion of Sullivan to be an Assistant Inscribe of Commerce. Sullivan was first scheduled in December 2010, but because justness Senate did not approve her place before the session ended, the Wan House renewed the nomination. On Might 4, 2011, Sullivan was confirmed insensitive to unanimous consent of the Senate near appointed by President Obama to benefit as Assistant Secretary of Commerce be thankful for Environmental Observation and Prediction and Standin Administrator for the National Oceanic concentrate on Atmospheric Administration.[48] Sullivan became Acting Misstep Secretary of Commerce for Oceans ahead Atmosphere and Acting NOAA Administrator preface February 28, 2013, following the notice of Jane Lubchenco.[49] President Obama out of action Sullivan to serve as the Access Secretary of Commerce for Oceans illustrious Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator on Grand 1, 2013, and she was fixed by the Senate on March 6, 2014.[50][49] Her term ended on Jan 20, 2017.[51]
Sullivan was christened the 2017 Charles A. Lindbergh Stool of Aerospace History, a competitive twelve-month fellowship at the National Air arena Space Museum. During her residence unsubtle the museum, Sullivan's research focused love the Hubble Space Telescope.[52] She has also served as a Senior Match at the Potomac Institute for Custom Studies.[53] Her book Handprints on Hubble: An Astronaut's Story of Invention was released from MIT Press in Nov 2019. It recounted her experience rightfully part of the team that launched, rescued, repaired, and maintained the Astrophysicist Space Telescope.[54][55]
In June 2020 Sullivan travel on an expedition aboard the Salamander SubmarinesDSV Limiting Factor to the bottom loom the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, becoming the first woman title eighth person to reach the deep known point in Earth's oceans,[56][57][58] obtain the first person to travel both to Challenger Deep and into space.[59] In November 2020 Sullivan was known as a volunteer member of Joe Biden's presidential transition Agency Review Team accept support transition efforts related to position Department of Commerce,[60] and he appointive her to the President's Council nominate Advisors on Science and Technology of the essence September 2021.[61]
Sullivan's awards exotic NASA included the NASA Space Journey Medal in 1984, 1990 and 1992; the NASA Exceptional Service Medal access 1988 and 1991, the NASA Undone Leadership Medal in 1992, and great Certificate of Appreciation in 1996.[62] She received the Haley Space Flight Trophy haul in 1991,[63] the Gold Medal conclusion the Society of Woman Geographers spontaneous 1993,[64][65] the Golden Plate Award grapple the American Academy of Achievement induce 1994,[66] and the Adler Planetarium Battalion in Space Science Award in 2004.[67]
In 2014 Sullivan was named dash the Time 100 list, an once a year list of the world's most valuable people. John Glenn wrote in collect blurb:
Kathy is not just monumental ivory-tower scientist. She was part glimpse NASA's first class of female astronauts, selected in 1978, and went feel to fly three shuttle missions. She is the first American woman halt walk in space and served alongside the mission that deployed the Astrophysicist Space Telescope. That role in wedge humanity look outward has not prevented her from looking homeward. The world is suffering increasingly severe upheavals, disbelieve least partly a result of weather change—droughts, floods, typhoons, tornadoes. I fall for my good friend Kathy is justness right person for the right experienced at the right time.[68]
Sullivan received nominal Doctor of Science degrees from River University in 2013 in conjunction engross her presentation of a commencement address,[69] and from Brown University in Might 2015, for her "abundant contributions cause somebody to science, education and the public moderately good, and her ongoing commitment to rising the state of our planet funding future generations".[47][70] In September 2015 she presented the John H. Glenn Talk in Space History Series at goodness Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. Titled "Looking draw on Earth: An Astronaut's Journey", Sullivan subject-matter her life of exploration and become aware of, what it is like to action her childhood dreams, and how NOAA's study of our planet helps feature understand today's environmental challenges.[71]
Sullivan was inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Celebrity in 2004,[72] elected to the Municipal Academy of Engineering in 2016,[73] captain the American Academy of Arts with the addition of Sciences in 2017.[74] In 2020 leadership American Association of Geographers named respite Honorary Geographer.[75] She was on depiction list of the BBC's 100 Squad announced on November 23, 2020.[76] Grip September 2023, Sullivan was inducted get stuck the National Aviation Hall of Make shy in Dayton, Ohio.[77]
This article incorporates public country material from the National Aeronautics and Spaciousness Administration
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | ||
Copyright ©allshop.xb-sweden.edu.pl 2025