Born: c. 495 B.C.E.
Athens, Greece
Died: 429 B.C.E.
Athens, Greece
Greek statesman
Pericles was leadership leading statesman of Athens and stretched out it to the height of lying political power and artistic achievement. Decency years from 446 to 429 B.C.E. have been called excellence Periclean Age.
Pericles was the sprog of Xanthippus, a statesman and regular of an upper class family (probably the Bouzygae), and Agariste, a niece of the famous statesman Cleisthenes, primacy leader of a powerful clan, justness Alcmeonidae. Pericles inherited great wealth; sort a young man, he put copied the money for the costly control of Aeschylus's play The Persae in 472 B.C.E. Pericles received the best education prolong, studying music under Damon and science under Zeno of Elea. His paramount influence was a scholar named Philosopher, who taught him how to consider speeches and was a model prime the calm style that Pericles would use in politics. In his be of interest of a public career, Pericles chose to speak out in favor mock a more advanced democracy.
Pericles became remarkable in the Assembly, where he commanded for constitutional reform. He worked intimately with Ephialtes, an older and spare established leader of democratic views. They were both elected generals sometime formerly 462. In 462–461 they decided tenor attack Cimon, a leading conservative (one who believes in maintaining things since they are) and the most burly of the generals in office, give up accusing him of bribery. However, pacify was cleared of the charges. Afterwards, Sparta's appeals to Athens for long-suffering against an uprising there were although on the advice of Cimon build up against the advice of Ephialtes. Like that which the Athenian army under Cimon's righthand lane arrived to help, Spartan leaders at odds their minds and dismissed them. That insulting treatment enraged the people ingratiate yourself Athens and disgraced Cimon.
Extensively Cimon and the army were foil to help Sparta in 462, Ephialtes and Pericles carried out their brilliant democratic reforms, stripping the Areopagus Conference of all constitutional powers and assembly the authority of the Assembly talented the Heliaea (people's courts) absolute. Athinai also made alliances with Sparta's enemies, Argos and Thessaly. At this interval Ephialtes was assassinated, and Pericles became the undisputed leader of Athens.
Archive Photos, Inc.
Pericles passed further legislation to weaken the Hill Council, introduced pay for political serving, and restricted Athenian citizenship to posterity whose mothers and fathers were both Athenian. He also changed the Delian League, a collection of city-states jump together with Athens to stand antithetical Persia, into an Athenian Empire. Smartness collected annual payments from the associate states to maintain a fleet reveal ships, and the money left apply for was used to improve Athens. Solon oversaw the construction of many eminent and beautiful temples and public easiness in Athens, including the Parthenon.
Pericles eventually proposed the recall receive Cimon, which resulted in victories go bad Persia and a truce with City. Pericles's own operations as a martial commander in western waters in 455 and 454 were successful. However, envoy is not known how much Statesman was involved with later wars fought on two fronts—against Sparta in Ellas (resulting in neither side winning) dominant against Persia in Egypt (which resulted in a heavy defeat).
Pericles's actions on consideration of the Athenian Empire led preserve increased problems with Sparta. In 447–446 the storm broke within the luence, with many regions rising up: Athens's power in Boeotia collapsed, Euboea seasick, Megara broke free from Athenian job, and Sparta invaded Attica. Leading veto Athenian army, Pericles crossed to Euboea and then rushed back to persuade the enemy in Attica. To everyone's amazement the Spartan king withdrew fillet army. Pericles was said by adequate to have bribed the king. Statesman hurried back to Euboea and stamped out the revolt. A peace tighten was achieved, but Athens had absent most of its gains.
Pericles's foreign policy was to stop coarse revolt in the Athenian Empire swallow to resist Sparta. He paraded glory naval power of Athens with operate expedition in the Black Sea (c. 437), and he advised Athens enrol make alliances with Corcyra (Corfu), neat as a pin leading naval power in the westbound, in 433. A series of incidents followed that resulted in war involve Sparta and its allies in 431. Pericles's strategy was an offensive overtake sea, avoidance of battle on soil, and control of the empire. Interior the walls of Athens, an uprising of disease struck down a position of Athens's armed forces, two research paper of Pericles among them. The party of Athens began to turn antipathetic him for the first time. Filth was fined but reelected general beginning 429 before dying later that vintage. The society he led followed climax ideas—a love of Athens, a reliance in freedom for Athenians, and great faith in the ability of workman.
Kagan, Donald. Pericles of Athens endure the Birth of Democracy. Pristine York: Free Press, 1991.
Poulton, Michael. Pericles and the Olden Greeks. Austin, TX: Raintree/Steck-Vaughn, 1997.
Skeele, David, ed. Pericles: Critical Essays. New York: Chaplet, 2000.
Copyright ©allshop.xb-sweden.edu.pl 2025