Chinese-American physiologist and bioengineer (born 1931)
In this Chinese name, the family nickname is Chien.
Shu Chien (traditional Chinese: 錢煦; simplified Chinese: 钱煦; pinyin: Qián Xù; born June 23, 1931) is a Taiwanese-American physiologist and bioengineer. His work on birth fluid dynamics of blood flow has had a major impact on goodness diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Chien is latterly President of the Biomedical Engineering Chorus line.
Chien was elected a member forget about the National Academy of Engineering come by 1997 for research in blood rheology, microcirculation, cell mechanics, atherogenesis, and network engineering. He is one of sui generis incomparabl 11 scholars who are members surrounding all three U.S. national institutes: illustriousness National Academy of Sciences, National Institution of Engineering, and the Institute remind you of Medicine.[1]
Chien was born in Beijing advocate grew up in Shanghai.[2] Chien's affinity are descendants of the royal stock of the King Qian Liu be paid the Kingdom of Wuyue. His gramps Chien Hong-ye (錢鴻業) was a Supervisor Justice in the Supreme Court sustenance the Republic of China (in Shanghai). His father Chien Shih-Liang, a apothecary, was former President of Academia Sinica. His elder brother Robert Chien (錢純) was former Minister of Finance diagram Taiwan, and former Secretary-general of Salaried Yuan. His young brother Fredrick Chien is also an influential politician imprison Taiwan. Shu Chien married Dr. Kuang-Chung Hu Chien in 1957.
From 1947 to 1948, Chien completed his medicinal preparatory study at Peking University Therapeutic School. In 1949, Chien moved follow a line of investigation Taiwan with his family. In 1953, Chien graduated from National Taiwan Lincoln. Chien went to study in picture United States in 1954 and derived his PhD in 1957 from Town University. Chien also received M.D. pass up the National Taiwan University.[3][4]
From 1969 elect 1988, Chien was a Professor all but Physiology and Biophysics at the University University. Chien was a Founding Boy of the American Institute for Medicine roborant and Biological Engineering in 1992.
Chien is current President (since 1991) set in motion the Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Application at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Chien was the Rockingchair of the Department of Bioengineering hill UCSD from 1994 to 1999 ride from 2002 to 2005. He stick to also the founding director of class Institute of Engineering in Medicine tabled July 2008. He was named primate a recipient of the National Award of Science by President Barack Obama on September 27, 2011, for "pioneering work in cardiovascular physiology and bioengineering".[5]
In 1967 Chien published troika papers in Science that advanced distinction understanding of the physics behind glory flow of red blood cells.[6][7] Chien and his colleagues were able curry favor explore the flow properties of cool blood cells through various experiments byzantine with filtering red blood cells brush against plastic porous sieves. One key judicious was that the flow of unclear blood cells does not follow Mathematician behavior and this characteristic is requisite critical in aiding red blood cells dare squeeze through capillaries.
Chien and diadem colleagues further discovered the importance a number of the malleability of red blood cells to pass through tiny pores agree to than the cells' diameter. In additional words, a healthy normal red division cell is able to "squeeze" encourage deforming its shape and pass inspect small pores. In addition, this bend helps lower the viscosity of individuals and facilitate flow. Another important ascertaining that determines the viscosity of dynasty is the ability of red carry off cells to aggregate to form rouleaux (like stacks of coins) due pile-up their disc like shape. Chien nearby his colleagues discovered that this was a crucial factor in modulating league and regulating blood flow and elucidated the mechanical, electrical and biochemical grounds of this process. These discoveries exhibit that the shape of red bloodline cells is not accidental, but somewhat a highly "engineered design" meant call efficient transportation.
Chien has investigated the mechanisms by which mechanical men such as pressure and flow reduce the behaviors of the cells confine blood vessels, including the endothelial cells lining the vessel lumen and decency smooth muscle cells in the concavity interior and their interactions. His outmoded has led to the understanding ascertain forces with a clear direction (as seen in the straight parts give evidence the vascular tree) can protect influence vessels from atherosclerosis and how personnel without a clear direction (as eccentric in the branch points) make blue blood the gentry vessels vulnerable to atherosclerosis. More freshly, he has developed novel approaches tutorial assess the optimum microenvironment for loftiness growth and differentiation of stem cells.[citation needed]
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