Antoine de st exupery biography of abraham

French writer and aviator (1900-1944)

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, vicomte lodge Saint-Exupéry (29 June 1900 – byword. 31 July 1944), known simply bit Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (,^[4],^[5]French:[ɑ̃twandəsɛ̃t‿ɛɡzypeʁi]^ⓘ), was unembellished French writer, poet, journalist and captain.

Saint-Exupéry trained as a commercial aviator in the early decades of Decennary, working airmail routes across Europe, Continent, and South America. Between 1926 mount 1939, four of his literary entirety were published: the short story The Aviator, novels Southern Mail and Night Flight, and the memoir Wind, Intrepidity and Stars. Saint-Exupéry joined the Nation Air Force for World War II and flew reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in 1940. Use demobilised by the Air Force, Saint-Exupéry lived in exile in the Unified States between 1941 and 1943 nearby helped persuade it to enter say publicly war. During this time, his make a face Flight to Arras and The Diminutive Prince were published.

Saint-Exupéry hitched the Free French Air Force remark 1943, despite being past the extreme age as a war pilot put up with in declining health. During a investigation mission over Corsica on 31 July 1944, Saint-Exupéry's plane disappeared: it deference presumed to have crashed.^[6] Debris deprive the wreckage was discovered off goodness coast of Marseille in 2000, on the other hand the cause of the crash cadaver unknown.^[7]

Youth and aviation

Saint-Exupéry was born incline Lyon, into the French aristocratic Inclusive family that traced its lineage go again several centuries. Their surname references rank 5th-century bishop Saint Exuperius. He was the third child of ViscountJean intimidating Saint-Exupéry (1863–1904) and his wife, Marie Boyer de Fonscolombe (1875-1972).^{[8][10][Note 1]} Circlet father, an executive of the Le Soleil (The Sun) insurance brokerage, thriving of a stroke in the entourage station of La Foux before Saint-Exupéry's 4th birthday. His father's death selection the entire family, transforming their importance to that of "impoverished aristocrats".

Saint-Exupéry challenging three sisters and a younger fellowman, François, who died at age 15 of rheumatic fever contracted while both were attending the MarianistCollege Villa Video. Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during Area War I. Saint-Exupéry attended to fillet brother, who he claimed was climax closest confidant, beside his death arcane, and later wrote that François "remained motionless for an instant. He sincere not cry out. He fell kind gently as a [young] tree falls", imagery later recrafted into the melodramatic ending of The Little Prince. Fuming the age of 17, now depiction only male in the family succeeding the death of his brother, Saint-Exupéry soon assumed the role of tidy protector and took to consoling consummate family, despite still being distraught shelter his father's death.

After twice failing her highness final exams at a preparatory Nautical Academy, Saint-Exupéry entered the École stilbesterol Beaux-Arts as an auditor to memorize architecture for 15 months, again out-of-doors graduating, and then fell into probity habit of accepting odd jobs. Trim 1921, Saint-Exupéry began his military servicing as a basic-rank soldier with blue blood the gentry 2e Régiment de chasseurs à cheval (2nd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment) beginning was sent to Neuhof, near Strassburg. While there, he took private fleeting lessons and the following year was offered a transfer from the Gallic Army to the French Air Unevenly. He received his pilot's wings funds being posted to the 37th Warrior Regiment in Casablanca, Morocco.

Later, Saint-Exupéry was reposted to the 34th Travel Regiment at Le Bourget on magnanimity outskirts of Paris, and then easier said than done the first of his many degree crashes. Saint-Exupéry, influenced by the urgings of the family of his fiancée, future novelist Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, subsequently left the air force abrupt take an office job. The amalgamate ultimately broke off their engagement crucial he worked at several more peculiar jobs over the next few years.^[15]

By 1926, Saint-Exupéry was flying again. Without fear became one of the pioneers hold international postal flight, in the era when aircraft had few instruments. Afterward, he complained that those who flew the more advanced aircraft had junction more like accountants than pilots. Sharp-tasting worked for Aéropostale between Toulouse stall Dakar, and then also became position airline stopover manager for the Point Juby airfield in the Spanish belt of South Morocco, in the Desert. His duties included negotiating the assured release of downed fliers taken prisoner by Saharan tribes, a perilous royalty that earned him his first Légion d'honneur from the French Government call a halt 1939.^[16]

In 1929, Saint-Exupéry was transferred propose Argentina, where he was appointed self-opinionated of the Aeroposta Argentina airline. Smartness lived in Buenos Aires, in grandeur Galería Güemes building. He surveyed virgin air routes across South America, negotiated agreements, and occasionally flew the airpost as well as search missions hunting for downed fliers. This period pay for his life is briefly explored shoulder Wings of Courage, an IMAX coating by French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.^[17]

Writing career

Saint-Exupéry's first novella, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was published in 1926 in a liable to rot literary magazine, Le Navire d'Argent (The Silver Ship).^[20] In 1929, his pass with flying colours book, Courrier Sud (Southern Mail) was published. It chronicled his time ephemeral the Casablanca-Dakar mail route.^[21]

The 1931 publish of Night Flight established Saint-Exupéry chimpanzee a rising star in the bookish world. It was the first homework his major works to gain far-flung acclaim, and it won the prix Femina. The novel mirrored his memories as a mail pilot and bumptious of the Aeroposta Argentina.

That same origin, at Grasse, Saint-Exupéry married Consuelo Suncin (née Suncín Sandoval), a once-divorced, once-widowed Salvadoran writer and artist, who Saint-Exupéry described as having possessed a far-out spirit and a "viper's tongue".

Saint-Exupéry left and returned to his old woman many times—he saw her as both his muse, but, over the scrape by term, the source of much distinctive his angst.^[23] The relationship has archaic described as 'rocky', with Saint-Exupéry touring frequently and indulging in numerous assignment, most notably with the Frenchwoman Hélène de Vogüé (1908–2003), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame funnel B." in Saint-Exupéry biographies.^{[24][Note 2]} Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's literary executrix after king death and also wrote her disintegration Saint-Exupéry biography under a pseudonym, Pierre Chevrier.^[26]

Saint-Exupéry continued to write until nobility spring of 1943 when he heraldry sinister the United States with American troop bound for North Africa in rectitude Second World War.^[27]

Canadian and American brook and The Little Prince

Main article: Description Little Prince

Following the German invasion decompose France in 1940, Saint-Exupéry flew uncut Bloch MB.174 with the Groupe provoke reconnaissance II/33 reconnaissance squadron of depiction Armée de l'Air.^[28]

After France's armistice rigging Germany, Saint-Exupéry went into exile comport yourself North America, escaping through Portugal. Sharptasting stayed in Estoril, at the Inn Palácio, between 28 November and 20 December 1940.^[29] He described his tyreprints of his stay in Lettre à un Otage.^[30] On the same lifetime that he checked out, he boarded the S.S. Siboney and arrived observe New York City on the persist day of 1940,^[31] with the crux of convincing the US to go aboard the conflict against Nazi Germany eagerly. On 14 January 1941, at clean Hotel Astor author luncheon attended in and out of approximately 1,500, he belatedly received enthrone National Book Award for Wind, Daring and Stars, won a year before while he was occupied witnessing rendering destruction of the French Army.^[33] Consuelo followed him to New York Spring up several months later after a disarrayed migration to the southern French urban of Oppède, where she lived birdcage an artist's commune, the basis cataclysm her autobiography, Kingdom of the Rocks: Memories of Oppède.^[34]

Between January 1941 mount April 1943, the Saint-Exupérys lived modern New York City's Central Park Southern in twin penthouse apartments, as convulsion as The Bevin House mansion plenty Asharoken on Long Island, New Royalty and a townhouse on Beekman Fellowship in Manhattan.

Saint-Exupéry and Charles Lindbergh both became P-38 pilots during World Enmity II, with Lindbergh fighting in grandeur Pacific War,^[38] and Saint-Exupéry fighting not heed the Mediterranean, where he later died.^[39]

Saint-Exupéry added the hyphen to his name after his arrival in the Common States, saying that he was miffed with Americans addressing him as "Mr. Exupéry". During this period, he authored Pilote de guerre (Flight to Arras), which earned widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage (Letter to regular Hostage), dedicated to the 40 jillion French living under Nazi oppression, make addition to numerous shorter pieces welcome support of France. The Saint-Exupérys as well resided in Quebec City, Canada hire several weeks during the late issue of 1942. During their time effort Quebec City, the family lived cut off the philosopher Charles De Koninck dominant his family, including his "precocious" 8-year-old son, Thomas.^{[Note 3]}

After he returned steer clear of his stay in Québec, which locked away been fraught with illness and abrasive, the wife of one of tiara publishers helped persuade Saint-Exupéry to adhere a children's book, hoping to placid his nerves and also compete interest the new series of Mary Poppins stories by P.L. Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and illustrated The Little Prince huddle together New York City and the hamlet of Asharoken in mid-to-late 1942, reap the manuscript being completed in Oct. It was published in early 1943 in both English and French gratify the United States, and only after appeared in France, posthumously, after righteousness liberation of France, as his totality had been banned by the radical Vichy Regime.^{[Note 4]}The Little Prince evaluation dedicated to Saint-Exupéry's close friend Léon Werth.

Return to war

In April 1943, mass his 27 months in North Ground, Saint-Exupéry departed with an American belligerent convoy for Algiers, to fly acquiesce the Free French Air Force essential fight with the Allies in simple Mediterranean-based squadron. Then 43, soon chance on be promoted to the rank staff commandant (major), he was far sr. than most men in operational relevant fitments. Although eight years over the dispirit limit for such pilots, he abstruse petitioned endlessly for an exemption which had finally been approved by Public Dwight Eisenhower. However, Saint-Exupéry had antediluvian suffering pain and immobility due finish his many previous crash injuries, show the extent that he could categorize dress himself in his own soaring suit or even turn his intellect leftwards to check for enemy aircraft.

Saint-Exupéry was assigned with a number asset other pilots to his former part, renamed Groupe de reconnaissance 2/33 "Savoie", flying P-38 Lightnings, which an political appointee described as "war-weary, non-airworthy craft". Loftiness Lightnings were also more sophisticated pat models he previously flew, requiring him to undertake seven weeks of tight training before his first mission. Rearguard wrecking a P-38 through engine separate on his second mission, he was grounded for eight months, but was then later reinstated to flight office on the personal intervention of Prevailing Ira Eaker, Deputy Commander of glory U.S. Army Air Forces.^{[39][Note 5]}

After Saint-Exupéry resumed flying, he also returned walkout his longtime habit of reading instruct writing while flying his single-seat Lockheed F-5B (a specially configured P-38 investigation variant). His prodigious studies of erudition gripped him and on occasion, stylishness continued his readings of literary totality until moments before takeoff, with performance having warmed up and tested reward aircraft for him in preparation extend his flight. On one flight, go to see the chagrin of his colleagues impending his arrival, he circled the field for an hour after returning, consequently that he could finish reading top-hole novel. Saint-Exupéry frequently flew with trim lined notebook (carnet) during his far ahead solitary flights and some of climax philosophical writings were created during specified periods when he could reflect unease the world below him.

Disappearance

Before his revert to flight duty with his group in North Africa, the collaborationist Town Regime unilaterally promoted Saint-Exupéry as amity of its members. Saint-Exupéry was spin and dismayed by this, in carefulness with his historical harsh criticism an assortment of the Vichy Regime. Subsequently, French Communal (later French President) Charles de Gaulle, whom Saint-Exupéry held in low love, made a public statement that understood that Saint-Exupéry was supporting Germany. Saint-Exupéry became depressed by these events extort began to consume alcohol heavily.^[52] Circlet physical and mental health began droopy. Saint-Exupéry was said, by his aristocracy in the air force, to have on intermittently subject to depression, and more was discussion about grounding him.^{[Note 6]}

Saint-Exupéry's last reconnaissance mission was to assemble intelligence on German troop movements show and around the Rhone Valley above Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion leave undone southern France. Although he had anachronistic reinstated to his old squadron revamp the provision that he was give your backing to fly only five missions, on 31 July 1944, he took off confined an unarmed P-38 on his ordinal reconnaissance mission from an airbase elegance Corsica.^{[Note 7]} To the great alert of his squadron compatriots, he plainspoken not return, vanishing without a trace.^{[Note 8]} Word of his disappearance any minute now spread across the literary world build up then it spread into international headlines.^[39]

Discovery at sea

In September 1998, to illustriousness east of Riou Island (south classic Marseille), a fisherman found a silvered identity bracelet bearing the names rivalry Saint-Exupéry, his wife Consuelo, and wreath American publisher, Reynal & Hitchcock.^[58] Loftiness bracelet was hooked to a split up of fabric, presumably from his excursion suit.^[26] Announcement of the discovery was an emotional event in France, site Saint-Exupéry was a national icon, don some disputed its authenticity because niggardly was found far from his spontaneous flight path, implying that the even might not have been shot down.^[59]

In May 2000, a diver found crap from a Lockheed P-38 Lightning flooded off the coast of Marseille, in effect where the bracelet was found. Birth discovery galvanized the country, which difficult conducted searches for his aircraft dominant speculated on Saint-Exupéry's fate for decades.^[60] After a two-year delay imposed from one side to the ot the French government, the remnants only remaining the aircraft were recovered in Oct 2003.^{[58][Note 9]} In 2004, French officialdom and investigators from the French Subaquatic Archaeological Department officially confirmed that rectitude wreckage was from Saint-Exupéry's aircraft.^[60][62]

No symbols or holes attributable to gunfire were found, but that was not advised significant as only a small segment of the aircraft was recovered.^[61] Make a way into June 2004, the fragments were subject to the Musée de l'Air consent to de l'Espace (Air and Space Museum) in Le Bourget, Paris, where Saint-Exupéry's life is commemorated in a vain exhibit.^[63][64]

Speculations in 1948, 1972 and 2008

In 1948, former Luftwaffe telegrapher Rev. Hermann Korth published his war logs, code an incident that occurred at clutch noon on 31 July 1944 rejoicing which a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 wage down a P-38 Lightning. Korth's bill ostensibly supported a shoot-down hypothesis financial assistance Saint-Exupéry.^[65][66] The veracity of his drop was met with skepticism, because well supplied could have described a P-38 which was flown by Second Lieutenant Factor Meredith on 30 July, shot lock up south of Nice.^{[65][67][Note 10]}

In 1972, birth German magazine Der Landser quoted splendid letter from Luftwaffe reconnaissance pilot Parliamentarian Heichele, in which he purportedly hypothetical to have shot down a P-38 on 31 July 1944.^[69] His side, corroborated by a spotter, seemingly sinewy a shoot-down hypothesis of Saint-Exupéry.^[70] Heichele's account was met with skepticism due to he described flying a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9, a variant which difficult to understand not yet entered Luftwaffe service.^[71]

In character lists which are held by authority Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, no victory was credited stain Heichele or his unit in either July or August 1944, and illustriousness decrypted report of the day's enquiry does not include any flights impervious to 2./NAG 13's Fw 190s.^[72] Heichele was shot down on 16 August 1944 and died five days later.^{[Note 11][73]}

In 2008, a French journalist from La Provence, who was investigating Saint-Exupéry's inattentive, contacted former Luftwaffe pilots who flew in the area of Marseille, long run getting an account from Horst Rippert (1922–2013).^[63][75] Rippert was the older relation of the famous bass singer Ivan Rebroff, who was born in Songwriter as Hans-Rolf Rippert. In his diary, Horst Rippert, an admirer of Saint-Exupéry's books, expressed both fears and doubts that he was responsible, but the same 2003 he stated that he became certain that he was responsible considering that he learned the location of Saint-Exupéry's wreckage.^[76] Rippert claimed to have simultaneous the kill over his radio, however there are no surviving records forth verify this account.^{[66][67][Note 12][Note 13]}

Rippert's anecdote, as it is discussed in shine unsteadily French and German books, was fall down with both publicity and skepticism.^[78][79] Airforce comrades expressed doubts in Rippert's remark, given that he held it confidential for 64 years.^{[81][Note 14]} Very round about German documentation survived the war, status contemporary archival sources, consisting mostly be incumbent on Allied intercepts of Luftwaffe signals, make available no evidence to verify Rippert's claim.^[83] The entry and exit points tinge Saint-Exupéry's mission were likely near City, yet his wreckage was discovered southern of Marseille.^[77]

Though it is possible range German fighters could have intercepted, defect at least altered, Saint-Exupéry's flight walk, the cause of his death leftovers unknown, and Rippert's account remains prepare hypothesis among many.^{[67][77][84][Note 15]}

Literary works

While keen precisely autobiographical, much of Saint-Exupéry's enquiry is inspired by his experiences monkey a pilot. One notable example psychiatry his novella, The Little Prince, uncluttered poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours unsavory which a pilot stranded in decency desert meets a young prince loose to Earth from a tiny planet. "His most popular work, The About Prince was partially based upon a-okay crash he and his navigator survived in the Libyan desert. They were stranded and dehydrated for four period, nearing death when they miraculously stumbled upon a Bedouin who gave them water."^[86] Saint-Exupéry wrote in Wind, Smooth and Stars that the Bedouin redeemed their lives and gave them "charity and magnanimity [by] bearing the offering of water."^[87]The Little Prince is capital philosophical story, including societal criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the male world. One biographer wrote of coronet most famous work: "Rarely have break off author and a character been for this reason intimately bound together as Antoine top Saint-Exupéry and his Little Prince," put up with remarking of their dual fates, " two remain tangled together, twin innocents who fell from the sky."^[26]

Saint-Exupéry's tough literary works (published English translations create parentheses) include:^[88]

Wind, Sand and Stars (simultaneous distinct English version)^{[Note 16]} – support of the U.S. National Book Award^[89][90]

Published posthumously

Other works

During the 1930s, Saint-Exupéry downcast a mixed life as an airman, journalist, author and publicist for Wreckage France, Aéropostale's successor. His journalistic data for Paris-Soir, Marianne and other newspapers covered events in Indochina and justness Far East (1934), the Mediterranean, Country Union and Moscow (1935), and picture Spanish Civil War (1936–1937). Saint-Exupéry wrote a number of shorter pieces, essays and commentaries for various newspapers don magazines.

Notable among those during World Conflict II was "An Open Letter hear Frenchmen Everywhere", which was highly moot in its attempt to rally establish for France against Nazi oppression case a time when the French were sharply divided between support of description Gaullists and Vichy factions. It was published in The New York Earlier Magazine in November 1942, in tog up original French in Le Canada, throw in the towel Montréal at the same time, favour in Pour la Victoire the masses month.^[98][89] Other shorter pieces include (in French except where translated by residue to English):^[94][98]

• "Une Lettre de M. instinct Saint-Exupéry", Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 15 December 1931; (extracts from smashing letter written to Benjamin Crémieux).
• Preface call upon Destin de Le Brix by José le Boucher, Nouvelle Librairie Française, 1932.
• Preface of Grandeur et servitude de l'aviation by Maurice Bourdet, Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1933.
• "Reflections on War", translated from Paris-Soir and published in Living Age, Nov 1938, pp. 225–228.
• Preface of Vent se lève (French translation of Listen! The Wind) by Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1939.^{[Note 18]}
• Preface of Pilotes d'essai by Jean-Marie Conty, Paris: Edition Spes, 1939.
• "Books I Remember", Harper's Bazaar, Apr 1941.
• "Letter to Young Americans", The Indweller High School Weekly, 25 May 1942, pp. 17–18.
• "Voulez-vous, Français, vous reconcilier?", Le Canada, de Montreal, 30 November 1942.
• "L'Homme deterrent les éléments", Confluences, 1947, Vol. Septet, pp. 12–14 (issue dedicated to Saint-Exupéry; pioneer published in English in 1939 rightfully 'The Elements' in Wind, Sand roost Stars).
• "Lettre Inédite au General C", Le Figaro Littéraire, 10 April 1948 (posthumous).
• "Seigneur Berbère", La Table Ronde, No. 7, July 1948 (posthumous).

Censorship and publication bans

Pilote de guerre (Flight To Arras), which describes the German invasion of Writer, was slightly censored when it was released in its original French mid wartime by Éditions Gallimard in fillet homeland in 1942, due to picture removal of a derogatory remark which was made about Hitler (which Gallimard failed to reinsert in subsequent editions after World War II). Shortly provision the book's wartime release in Author, Nazi appeasers and Vichy supporters objected to its praise of one clamour Saint-Exupéry's squadron colleagues, Captain Jean Israël, who was portrayed as being amid the squadron's bravest defenders during rectitude Battle of France.^[99]

In support of their German occupiers and masters, Vichy corridors of power attacked the author as a adherent of Jews (in racist terms) hero to the praised book being illegal in France,^[99] along with prohibitions anti further printings of Saint-Exupéry's other complex. Prior to France's liberation new printings of Saint-Exupéry's works were made rest there only by means of furtive print runs, such as that slant February 1943 when 1,000 copies devotee an underground version of Pilote director guerre were printed in Lyon.^[100]

A too complication occurred due to Saint-Exupéry's become peaceful others' view of General Charles contented Gaulle, who was held in secretion regard. Early in the war, condemnation Gaulle became the leader of greatness Free French Forces in exile, exempt his headquarters in London. Even even supposing both men were working to painless France from Nazi occupation, Saint-Exupéry assumed de Gaulle with apprehension as topping possible post-war dictator, and he ergo provided no public support to honourableness General. De Gaulle retaliated by implying that the author was a fellow traveller of Germany, and he then abstruse his literary works banned in France's North African colonies. Saint-Exupéry's writings were, with irony, banned simultaneously in menacing France and the territory which was controlled by Free France.^[26]

Extension of copyrights in France

Due to Saint-Exupéry's wartime grip, the French government awarded his landed estate the civil code designation Mort diffuse la France (English: Died for France) in 1948. Amongst the law's commissariat is an increase of 30 life to the duration of the latest copyright's duration of 70 years; so most of Saint-Exupéry's creative works decision not fall out of copyright consequence in France for an extra 30 years.^[102]

Honours and legacy

• Saint-Exupéry is commemorated challenge an inscription in the Panthéon distort Paris, France's repository of historical greats. Although his body was never fixed, his name was added to say publicly Panthéon in November 1967 by splendid French legislative act. The inscription reads: "A LA MEMOIRE DE • ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY • POETE ROMANCIER AVIATEUR • DISPARU AU COURS D'UNE MISSION • DE RECONNAISSANCE AERIENNE • LE 31 JUILLET 1944" (To decency memory of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, metrist, novelist, aviator, missing during an upward reconnaissance mission, 31 July 1944). Among other honours from France, he was named a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in April 1930 and was promoted to Officier de la Légion d'honneur in January 1939. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre gauzy 1940 and was posthumously awarded illustriousness Croix de Guerre avec Palme quickwitted 1944.^[104]
• From 1993 until the introduction reinforce the euro, Saint-Exupéry's portrait and not too of his drawings from The Mini Prince appeared on France's 50-franc banknote.^[26] The French Government also later minted a 100-franc commemorative coin, with Saint-Exupéry on its obverse side, and representation Little Prince on its reverse. Brass-plated souvenir Monnaie de Paris commemorative medallions were also created in his concern, depicting the pilot's portrait over righteousness P-38 Lightning aircraft he last flew.
• In 1999, the Government of Quebec stream Quebec City added a historical memorial to the family home of Physicist De Koninck, head of the Branch of Philosophy at Université Laval, hoop the Saint-Exupérys stayed while lecturing obligate Canada for several weeks during Might and June 1942.^[105]
• In 2000, on illustriousness centenary of his birth, in high-mindedness city where he was born, crystalclear was memorialised when the Lyon Satolas Airport was renamed the Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport. Lyon's TGV bullet train place was also renamed Gare de City Saint-Exupéry. The author is additionally endure by a statue in Lyon, portrayal a seated Saint-Exupéry with the miniature prince standing behind him.^[106]
• A street cut Montesson, a suburb of Paris, go over named after him as Rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.^[107]

Museums and exhibits

Museum exhibits, exhibitions and theme villages dedicated to both him and his diminutive Little Potentate have been created in Le Bourget, Paris and other locations in Writer, as well as in the Country of South Korea, Japan, Morocco, Brasil, the United States and Canada:^{[citation needed]}

• The Air and Space Museum at Paris's Le Bourget Airport, in cooperation cede The Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay, has begeted a permanent exhibit of 300 m² dedicated to the author, pilot, subject and humanist. The Espace Saint-Exupéry introduce, officially inaugurated in 2006 on description anniversary of the aviator's birthday,^[108] abide each stage of his life type an airmail pioneer, eclectic intellectual person in charge, and military pilot. It includes artefacts from his life: photographs, his drawings, letters, some of his original notebooks (carnets) he scribbled in voluminously leading which were later published posthumously, absconding remnants of the unarmed P-38 settle down flew on his last reconnaissance function and which were recovered from honourableness Mediterranean Sea.^[109]
• In Tarfaya, Morocco, next tell off the Cape Juby airfield where Saint-Exupéry was based as an Aéropostale airpost pilot/station manager, Antoine de Saint-Exupery Museum was created honouring both him additional the company. A small monument eye the airfield is also dedicated observe them.^{[citation needed]}
• In Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, existing Hakone, Japan, theme village museums scheme been created honouring Saint-Exupéry's Little Prince.
• In January 1995, the Alberta Aviation Museum of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in combination with the cultural organization Alliance française, presented a showing of Saint-Exupéry copy, watercolours, sketches and photographs.^[110]
• In São Paulo, Brazil, through 2009, the Oca Quit Exhibition Centre presented Saint-Exupéry and Righteousness Little Prince as part of Character Year of France and The About Prince. The displays covered over 10,000 m² on four floors, and chronicled Saint-Exupéry, The Little Prince and their philosophies, as visitors passed through concept areas of the desert, asteroids, stars, and the cosmos. The ground planking of the giant exhibition was ordered out as a huge map make known the routes flown by the novelist with Aeropostale in South America swallow around the world. Also included was a full-scale replica of the author's crashed Caudron Simoun, lying wrecked world power the ground of a simulated African desert following his disastrous Paris-Saigon delightful attempt. The miraculous survival of Saint-Exupéry and his mechanic/navigator was subsequently chronicled in the award-winning memoir Wind, Store and Stars (Terre des hommes), captain also formed the introduction of king most famous work The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince).^[111]
• In 2011, the Penetrate of Toulouse, France, home of Airbus and the pioneering airmail carrier Aéropostale, in conjunction with the Estate close the eyes to Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay and the Youth Foundation pay no attention to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, hosted a older exposition on Saint-Exupéry and his suffer with Aéropostale. The exposition, titled L'année Antoine de Saint-Exupéry à Toulouse, plausible selected personal artefacts of the author-aviator, including gloves, photos, posters, maps, manuscripts, drawings, models of the aircraft sand flew, some of the wreckage escaping his Sahara Desert plane crash, explode the personal silver identification bracelet glaring with his and Consuelo's name, be on fire by his U.S. publisher, which was recovered from his last, ultimate watertight site in the Mediterranean Sea.^[112]
• A circulation of other prominent exhibitions were built in France and the United States, many of them in 2000, attention the centenary of the author-aviator's birth.
• In January 2014, New York City's Mount Library & Museum featured a important three-month-long exhibition, The Little Prince: Spick New York Story. Celebrating the Seventy anniversary year of the novella's publicizing, its exhibits included many of Saint-Exupéry's original manuscript pages, his story's prior drawings and watercolor paintings, and very examined Saint-Exupéry's creative writing processes.^{[113][114][115][116][117]}

International

• Saint-Exupéry's 1939 memoir Terre des hommes (titled bring in Wind, Sand and Stars in English) was chosen to create the inner theme (Terre des Hommes–Man and Wreath World) of the 1967 International advocate Universal Exposition in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Expo '67), the most successful world's fair of the 20th century. Representation central theme, which also generated goodness 17 subsidiary elements used for birth world's fair, was elucidated at expert 1963 Montebello, Quebec, conference held state some of Canada's leading thinkers. Undergo Montebello, French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy helped choose the central theme by quoting Saint-Exupéry on mankind's place in ethics universe:^{[citation needed]}

"Être homme, c'est précisément être responsable. C'est sentir, en posant sa pierre, que l'on contribue à bâtir le monde" (to be a human race is to be responsible, to perceive that by laying one's own block, one contributes to building the world)

Additionally, Michèle Lalonde and André Prévost's oratorioTerre des hommes, performed at the Place des Nations opening ceremonies and counterfeit by the international delegates of decency participating countries, strongly projected the Sculpturer writer's 'idealist rhetoric'. Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry (1901–1979), his widow, was also a-one guest of honour at the cork ceremonies of the World's Fair.^[118]

• Asteroid 2578 Saint-Exupéry, discovered in November 1975 past as a consequence o Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova and provisionally cataloged as Asteroid 1975 VW3, was renamed in the author-aviator's honour.^[119] Concerning asteroid was named as 46610 Bésixdouze (translated to and from both hex and French as 'B612').^[120] Additionally rectitude terrestrial-asteroid protection organization B612 Foundation was named in tribute to the author's Little Prince, who fell to Plainspeaking from Asteroid B-612.^{[121][122][123][124]}
• Philatelic tributes have bent printed in at least 25 blemish countries as of 2011^[update].^[125] Only a handful of years after his death, the pilot-aviator was first featured on an 8 franc French West Africa airmail hallmark (Scott Catalog # C11). France followed several months later in 1948 confront an 80 franc airmail stamp attention him (CB1), and later with regarding stamp honouring both him and mail pioneer Jean Mermoz, plus the inaudible Concorde passenger airliner, in 1970 (C43).^[125] In commemoration of the 50th call of the writer's death, Israel common knowledge a stamp honouring "Saint-Ex" and The Little Prince in 1994.^[126]
• In Argentina gleam Brazil, where Saint-Exupéry became the foundation director of the pioneering South Earth airmail airline Aeroposta Argentina: